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Hard Drive Arrays E-7
no data protection and you will have to rely on backups in case of hardware
failure.
Distributed Data Guarding (RAID 5)
Distributed data guarding, also called RAID 5, stores parity data across all the
drives in the array. Spreading the parity across all the drives allows more
simultaneous read operations and higher performance than data guarding
(RAID 4). If a drive fails, the controller uses the parity data and the data on the
remaining drives to reconstruct data from the failed drive. This allows the
system to continue operating with slightly reduced performance until the failed
drive is replaced.
Distributed data guarding requires an array with a minimum of three physical
drives and allows a maximum of 12 drives. Therefore, in an array containing
three physical drives, distributed data guarding uses only 33 percent of the
total logical drive storage capacity for fault tolerance, while a 12-drive
configuration uses only 7 percent.
DATA
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
DATADATADATA
P = Parity
DAZ-10-4.EPS
Figure E-5. Distributed data guarding distributes the redundant data [P]
throughout the physical drives
- RAID Array 4100 1
- Second Edition (January 2000) 2
- Part Number 146297-002 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 2 4
- Chapter 3 4
- Chapter 4 5
- Chapter 5 5
- Chapter 6 6
- Appendix A 6
- Appendix B 6
- Appendix C 6
- Appendix D 6
- Appendix E 7
- About This Guide 8
- Text Conventions 9
- Symbols in Text 10
- Symbols on Equipment 10
- Rack Stability 11
- Getting Help 11
- Compaq Technical Support 12
- Compaq Website 12
- Compaq Authorized Reseller 13
- Introduction 14
- Features 15
- Introduction 1-3 16
- Table 1-1 16
- RA4100 Features 16
- Front Panel Features 17
- Fan Assembly 18
- Hot-Pluggable Drives 19
- Maximum Storage 19
- SCSI ID Assignments 19
- Fault Tolerance 21
- Capacity Expansion 21
- Performance Monitoring 23
- Automatic Performance Tuning 23
- Tagged-Command Queuing 23
- System Power 23
- Redundant Power Supply 24
- Installation 25
- 1. Choose a location 26
- Installing the RA4100 28
- Environment 29
- Grounding 30
- Temperature Requirements 30
- Airflow Requirements 31
- Blanking Panels 32
- TROJO33.EPS 33
- TROJ026.eps 34
- TROJ034.eps 34
- TROJ035.eps 35
- Installing the Storage Hub 37
- Installing the Storage Hub 12 38
- Fibre Channel Cables 39
- Connecting the Power 42
- TROJ011.EPS 42
- Operation 44
- Front Panel 45
- Power Supply 46
- Hard Drives 48
- Troubleshooting 49
- Fibre Host Adapter LEDs 50
- RA4000 Controller LEDs 51
- Table 4-1 52
- Storage Hub 7 53
- Storage Hub 12 54
- Redundant Controller 57
- Controller 59
- Replacing GBICs 64
- Removing Fibre Channel Cables 65
- Replacing the Fan Assembly 67
- Replacing Hard Drives 69
- Configuration Wizards 76
- Configuration Procedures 77
- Creating a New Array—Example 78
- Port 1:SCSI ID 0 80
- Port 1:SCSI ID 1 80
- Port 1:SCSI ID 2 80
- Figure 5-5. Example Array A 81
- Configuration Utility 82
- 8. Click the Done button 86
- 2. Click the Drive menu 87
- 5. Click Done 88
- Online Migration 89
- 6. Click Done 90
- Redundant Controllers 91
- Main Configuration Screen 92
- Controller Selection Box 93
- View Box 93
- More Information Button 94
- Drive View Box 94
- Controller Buttons 94
- Array Buttons 95
- Logical Drive Buttons 95
- Controller Settings Screen 96
- Create Array Screen 97
- Create Logical Drive Screen 98
- Stripe Size 99
- Table 5-1 99
- Stripe Size Fault Tolerance 99
- Error and Warning Messages 100
- Utility (CPQONLIN) 100
- CPQFC.HAM and CPQSHD.CDM 100
- Auto-configuration 101
- Custom Configuration 102
- Priority Settings 103
- Drive Rebuild 103
- Accelerator Ratio 104
- Expanding an Array 104
- Handling Disk Drive Failures 106
- Options ROMPaq 108
- Regulatory Compliance Notices 111
- European Union Notice 112
- Japanese Notice 113
- Taiwanese Notice 113
- Laser Compliance 113
- Battery Replacement Notice 114
- Electrostatic Discharge 115
- Grounding Methods 116
- Specifications 117
- Table C-1 118
- RA4100 Specifications 118
- Fibre Channel Technology 119
- Advantages of Fibre Channel 120
- Point-to-Point Connection 121
- Arbitrated Loop 122
- Server RA4100 1 123
- Exchange 125
- Sequence 125
- Fibre Channel 125
- Protocol Layers 126
- Hard Drive Arrays 127
- Hard Drive Arrays E-3 129
- Drive Arrays 130
- Logical Drives 130
- Drive Array Benefits 131
- Table E-1 132
- RAID Level Characteristics 132
- DATADATADATA 133
- Data Guarding (RAID 4) 134
- Drive Mirroring (RAID 1) 134
- DAZ-10-2.EPS 135
- Performance Enhancement 136
- Array Accelerator 137
- Performance 138
- Data Protection 138
- ECC Memory 138
- Batteries 138
- Optimized Request Management 139
- Expanding Storage Capacity 140
- Online Capacity Expansion 142
- Hard Drive Upgrades 142
- Auto Reliability Monitoring 143
- Dynamic Sector Repairing 143
- Drive Parameter Tracking 143
- Drive Failure Alert Features 144
- Interim Data Recovery 144
- Automatic Data Recovery 144
- Appendix F 145
- Recognizing a Drive Failure 145
- Replacing a Failed Drive 147
- Compromised Fault Tolerance 149
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